Tune strings in pure perfect fifths, to cello/viola C, except for violin E strings, which should be 21 cents flatter than pure
ET = Equal-tempered, standard 20th-century tuning
| Pitch: | Ratio: | Cents: | Description: |
| C | 1/1 | 0 | reference pitch, normal tuning |
| C^ | 33/32 | 53.3 | (C with quarter-tone-sharp accidental), C 53 cents sharp |
| C# | 25/24 | 70.7 | 29 cents flatter than ET |
| D7 | 35/32 | 155.1 | 45 cents flatter than ET D |
| D | 9/8 | 203.9 | 4 cents sharper than ET, 9th harmonic of C, tuned with G |
| Eb^ | 77/64 | 320.1 | (E half-flat) 20 cents sharper than ET Eb |
| E | 5/4 | 386.3 | 14 cents flatter than ET, fifth harmonic of C |
| E+ | 81/84 | 407.8 | 8 cents sharper than ET E |
| F7+ | 21/16 | 470.8 | 29 cents flatter than ET F, 7th harmonic of G |
| F^ | 11/8 | 551.3 | (F with quarter-tone-sharp accidental), halfway between ET F and F# |
| F# | 45/32 | 590.2 | F#+, 10 cents flatter than ET, 5th harmonic of D |
| G7 | 35/24 | 653.2 | 47 cents flatter than ET G |
| G | 3/2 | 702 | perfectly in tune with C, open string |
| G^ | 99/64 | 755.2 | (G with quarter-tone-sharp accidental), 55 cents sharper than ET G |
| G# | 25/16 | 772.6 | 27 cents flatter than ET, 5th harmonic of E |
| A+ | 27/16 | 905.9 | 6 cents sharper than ET, tuned perfectly with D, open string |
| A^ | 55/32 | 937.6 | (A with quarter-tone-sharp accidental), 37 cents sharper than ET A |
| Bb | 7/4 | 968.8 | 31 cents flatter than ET, always, 7th harmonic of C |
| B | 15/8 | 1088.3 | 12 cents flatter than ET |
| B# | 121/64 | 1102.6 | basically an ET B (m. 63) |
| C7+ | 63/32 | 1172.7 | 27 cents flatter than C |
Kyle Gann
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